(Back) In Germany and German-occupied areas, Jewish people were required to identify themselves on any letters they mailed, as well as other legal documents, by adding “Israel” (for men) or “Sara” (for women) as middle names. This was required so that Nazi officials could sensor Jewish mail, as you can see by the postal censor tape. This envelope contained a letter written in 1941 to someone in Florida. The sender, a Jewish man, wrote “Israel” after his first name on the return address.

(Front) In Germany and German-occupied areas, Jewish people were required to identify themselves on any letters they mailed, as well as other legal documents, by adding “Israel” (for men) or “Sara” (for women) as middle names. This was required so that Nazi officials could sensor Jewish mail, as you can see by the postal censor tape. This envelope contained a letter written in 1941 to someone in Florida. The sender, a Jewish man, wrote “Israel” after his first name on the return address.

This photo depicts an anti-Nazi rally held in Madison Square Garden in March of 1937. The writeup on the back quotes General Hugh Johnson as saying, “Adolf Hitler and his immediate staff of Nazipathics have become a sort of monster, threatening the peace of the world.”

A photo of a March 1943 memorial in Madison Square Garden for “Jews martyred in Europe.” 34,000 people attended the event.

A Nazi soldier, smirking, brings a little person out of her house for a photo op, treating her like a plaything or a circus spectacle while her family watches fearfully from the doorway. This was taken somewhere on the Eastern Front, likely in Ukraine, and like the Roma children also pictured here, she likely did not survive.

A Nazi soldier and a Romani family. We don’t know who these people were or what their story is, unfortunately, but it’s safe to surmise that they were murdered not all that long after the photos were taken.

A Nazi soldier hands a young Roma boy a cigarette in the 1940s, teasing him with a “grownup activity” knowing full well this boy won’t live until he’s old enough to smoke.

(Back) This postcard depicts Crown Prince William of Prussia as a Hussar, wearing the Totenkopf (“death head”) symbol that would later become an insignia of the Nazi SS.

This postcard depicts Crown Prince William of Prussia as a Hussar, wearing the Totenkopf (“death head”) symbol that would later become an insignia of the Nazi SS.

The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin al-Husseini, allied himself with the Axis powers and spread anti-Jewish propaganda to the Arab world.

The Grand Mufti recruited Bosnian Muslim troops to create the Handschar Division of the Waffen SS—the first non-Germanic division in the German army. This division murdered 90% of Bosnian Jews.

This October 1938 issue of The Western Jewish Advocate, a Denver-based publication, boasts a full-page “fight-Nazism” ad on the back and a robust selection of anti-Nazi, pro-Jewish articles.

This October 1938 issue of The Western Jewish Advocate, a Denver-based publication, boasts a full-page “fight-Nazism” ad on the back and a robust selection of anti-Nazi, pro-Jewish articles.